Installation Acoustics
A public address system comprises electrical equipment to greatly amplify a speaker's voice so it will reach a much more quantity of people. High-quality public address and voice evacuation systems are essential for dealing with security and safety challenges. To be truly effective, a system must deliver exceptional performance and reliability. The loudspeakers must provide clearly heard and understood audio signals. Certain industrial environments may require that the speakers be flame retardant or weather-proofed to ensure operational readiness in all conditions. A loudspeaker system includes loudspeakers, amplifiers, microphones and audio switching matrixes used to broadcast alarms and provide voice paging on the facility. The size of the facility determines the number of speakers and amplifiers needed. Simple public address systems are typically used in small rooms. Acoustic reinforcement systems with many speakers are widely used in public places and commercial buildings such as parks, shopping malls, stadiums, etc. Intercom systems installed in many buildings have speakers throughout the building and many rooms have microphones. Public address and intercom systems are commonly used in emergency communications systems. Nearly all public address systems are designed individually to best suit the environment and include the right features with a suitable amount of simplicity or complexity.
Public address system speakers types
- Horn
- Mounting
- Hanging
Horn loudspeakers have two main attributes: they are weatherproof and are able to direct sound in a well defined pattern. Due to their restricted low frequency response, they should be used only for voice broadcasting and amplifier high-pass filtering must be selected. If horn loudspeakers are fed with low frequencies there is a risk of damage to the loudspeaker diaphragms.
Mounting loudspeakers can give very good music reproduction and are often used in ‘low level multipoint’ systems where each loudspeaker is tapped at a low level to provide a smooth and even distribution of sound throughout the area of coverage. Installations with a large number of ceiling loudspeakers (in an open-plan office, for example) they set in a grid pattern to maximize the coverage provided. Ceiling loudspeakers come in a range of diameters and are typically rated at a maximum of 6 watts.
Hanging loudspeakers provides general coverage within a room of limited size. Cabinet loudspeakers are suitable for paging announcements in small, quiet offices. Alternatively a number of suitable cabinet loudspeakers can be used in larger office areas to provide sufficient coverage. Cabinet loudspeakers may also be used as ceiling loudspeakers where a suspended ceiling is not available.
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