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Determine the main purpose of the recording (music, podcast, field recording, etc.) and the conditions in which you will work. Consider the number of inputs, check compatibility with your current equipment (microphones, software). Check the narrative, battery life, and battery type. The quality of the preamplifier will also be important (very important for outdoor recording). And, of course, the price of the recorder will also matter.
Most professional models support the uncompressed WAV format for maximum quality. MP3 is available in almost all models. Advanced recorders such as the Zoom H8 also support the AIFF format for compatibility with Apple ecosystems. The AAC format is supported by several models, which is a good compromise between quality and size.
Most professional audio recorders are equipped with XLR inputs for connecting external microphones. The Zoom H5 and H6 are equipped with high-quality preamps for condenser microphones. Zoom F-series recorders provide 48 V phantom power. Many recorders also support 3.5 mm jack inputs for compact microphones. Some advanced models allow you to connect external mixers for complex microphone setups.
Properly calibrate input levels to avoid distortion or signals that are too weak. Use the built-in limiter or compressor to deal with unexpected peaks. Set the sample rate to 44.1 kHz or higher and the bit depth to 24 bits. Position the recorder or external microphones appropriately in relation to the sound source. Always make a short test recording and listen to it with good headphones before the final session.